Name: Pentamidine isethionate
Brand: Selleck Chemicals
SKU: S4007
Rating: 5 (9 reviews)

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Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 99.93%

99.93

Related Targets	Dehydrogenase HSP Transferase P450 (e.g. CYP17) PDE PPAR Vitamin Carbohydrate Metabolism Mitochondrial Metabolism Drug Metabolite
Other phosphatase Inhibitors	Osunprotafib (ABBV-CLS-484) SHP099 Hydrochloride RMC-4550 SHP099 GSK2830371 β-Glycerophosphate sodium salt hydrate Batoprotafib (TNO155) NSC87877 TPI-1 Sanguinarine chloride

Cell Culture, Treatment & Working Concentration

Cell Lines	Assay Type	Incubation Time	Activity Description
A549	Cytotoxicity assay		Cytotoxicity against A549 cell line, IC50=24 μM
rat L6 cell	Cytotoxicity assay		Cytotoxicity against rat L6 cells, IC50=2.1 μM
J774A1	Cytotoxicity assay	72 h	Cytotoxicity against mouse J774A1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, CC50=1 μM
HepG2	Cytotoxicity assay	72 h	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay, CC50=2.3 μM
HeLa	Cytotoxicity assay	96 h	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 96 hrs by resazurin-based spectrofluorimetric method, IC50=15 μM
WM115	Cytotoxicity assay		Cytotoxicity against human WM115 cells assessed as growth inhibition measured after 72 hrs by crystal violet assay, IC50=4.8 μM
Click to View More Cell Line Experimental Data

Chemical Information, Storage & Stability

Molecular Weight	592.68	Formula	C₁₉H₂₄N₄O₂.2C₂H₆O₄S	Storage (From the date of receipt)	3 years-20°Cpowder
CAS No.	140-64-7	Download SDF		Storage of Stock Solutions	1 year-80°Cin solvent 1 month-20°Cin solvent
Synonyms	N/A			Smiles	C1=CC(=CC=C1C(=N)N)OCCCCCOC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=N)N.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O.C(CS(=O)(=O)O)O

Solubility

In vitro
Batch:

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (168.72 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO.)

Water : 100 mg/mL

Ethanol : Insoluble

Molarity Calculator

Mass	Concentration	Volume	Molecular Weight
=	×	×

Dilution Calculator Molecular Weight Calculator

In vivo Batch:
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution	Saline Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.	30.000mg/ml (50.62mM)	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 30 mg of this product to 1 ml of physiological saline (0.9% NaCL solution), mix evenly to make it clear, The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results.
Homogeneous suspension	CMC-NA	≥5mg/ml	Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.

In vivo Formulation Calculator (Clear solution)

Step 1: Enter information below (Recommended: An additional animal making an allowance for loss during the experiment)

Dosage: mg/kg Average weight of animals: g Dosing volume per animal:μL Number of animals:

Step 2: Enter the in vivo formulation (This is only the calculator, not formulation. Please contact us first if there is no in vivo formulation at the solubility Section.)

% DMSO + % + % Tween 80 + % ddH₂O

%DMSO+ %

Calculation results:

Working concentration: mg/ml;

Method for preparing DMSO master liquid: mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO ( Master liquid concentration mg/mL, Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug. )

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next addμL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH₂O, mix and clarify.

Method for preparing in vivo formulation: Take μL DMSO master liquid, next add μL Corn oil, mix and clarify.

Note: 1. Please make sure the liquid is clear before adding the next solvent.
2. Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order. You must ensure that the solution obtained, in the previous addition, is a clear solution before proceeding to add the next solvent. Physical methods such as vortex, ultrasound or hot water bath can be used to aid dissolving.

Mechanism of Action

Targets/IC₅₀/Ki	PRL Phosphatases
In vitro	Pentamidine is known experimentally to interfere with numerous cellular processes. Specifically, Pentamidine has been shown to bind to DNA in a nonintercalative manner and appears to preferentially bind to kinetoplast DNA in trypanosomes. Additionally, Pentamidine may inhibit RNA polymerase and ribosomal function, as well as nucleic acid, protein, phospholipid, and polyamine synthesis. Pentamidine also inhibits certain proteases, including trypsin, and impairs cellular oxygen consumption. Pentamidine has a potent in vitro antiprotozoal activity. Pentamidine displays cytotoxic activity against L. infantum promastigotes with IC50 of 2.5 μM. 2.5 μM Pentamidine induces early programmed cell death in 49.6% of L. infantum promastigotes. 2.5 μM Pentamidine induces a notorious decrease in promastigotes in both G1 and S phases relative to the control-untreated samples (G1:77.0 vs 15.0%; S:11.0 vs 2.4% for control- and pentamidine-treated promastigotes, resp). Pentamidine is able to bind with calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and induces conformational changes in the DNA double helix. Pentamidine also binds with ubiquitin to modifiy the β-cluster of ubiquitin. Pentamidine is an inhibitor of phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRLs). 1 μg/mL of Pentamidine complete inhibits the activity of recombinant PTP1B in dephosphorylating a phos-photyrosine peptide. 10 μg/mL of Pentamidine completely inhibits the activities of recombinant PRL-1, PRL-2 and PRL-3 in dephosphorylating a phosphotyrosine peptide substrate. Incubation with Pentamidine (1 μg/mL) for 48 h reduces the activity of intracellular PRL phosphatases in transfected NIH3T3 cells by more than 85%. 10 μg/mL Pentamidine completely inhibits the growth of melanoma cell line (WM9), prostate carcinoma cell line (DU145 and C4–2), ovarian carcinoma cell line (Hey), colon carcinoma cell line (WM480), and lung carcinoma cell line (A549) which all express endogenous PRLs.
Kinase Assay	In vitro PTPase assays
Kinase Assay	Individual PTPases (0.01 μg/reaction) in 50 μL of PTPase buffer [50 mM Tris (pH 7.4)] are incubated at 22 ℃ for 10 min or as indicated in the absence or presence of inhibitory compounds. Substrates (0.2 mM phosphotyrosine peptide) are then added and allows to react at 22 ℃ for 18 hr. PTPase activity of individual reactions is measured by adding 100 μL of malachite green solution (UBI) and then quantifying the amounts of free phosphate cleaved by the PTPase from the peptide substrate by spectrometry (A_{660 nm}). Relative PTPase activities are calculated based on the formula [(PTPase activity in the presence of an inhibitory compound)/(PTPase activity in the absence of the compound) × 100%]. Reactions performed under comparable conditions in the absence of recombinant PTPases only are used as controls and shows no detectable PTPase activity.
In vivo	Pentamidine has a potent antiprotozoal activity in animal models. Pentamidine (0.3-9 mg/L) decreased the viability of P. carinii in experimental models in chick embryo lung epithelial cells and lung cells of rats with pneumonia. 5 mg/kg Pentamidine treatment for 2 weeks eradicates Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 75% of the animals. Pentamidine inhibits the growth of WM9 human melanoma tumours in nude mice. During the 16-week study period, the tumours in 250 μg pentamidine-treated mice stay at sizes similar to those at the treatment initiation point, whereas the tumours in the control mice grow so rapidly that humane sacrifice of the animals is required at the 4th week. Pentamidine induces significant necrosis that accounts for more than 50% of the tumour mass.
References	[1] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3903942/ [2] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17191940/ [3] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12516958/ [4] https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2191850/

Clinical Trial Information

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT05458752	Completed	Pneumocystis Jirovecii Infection	Central Hospital Nancy France	April 1 2020	--
NCT02669706	Completed	Hematologic Malignancy	University of Illinois at Chicago	March 2015	--
NCT00729807	Terminated	Melanoma (Skin)	University of Maryland Baltimore\|National Cancer Institute (NCI)	July 2008	Phase 2
NCT00802594	Completed	Trypanosomiasis African	Immtech Pharmaceuticals Inc\|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation	August 2001	Phase 2

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Pentamidine isethionate phosphatase inhibitor

Chemical Structure

Molecular Weight: 592.68